{"id":15073,"date":"2024-05-12T08:55:00","date_gmt":"2024-05-12T06:55:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/janfigel.com\/?p=15073"},"modified":"2025-12-05T01:16:45","modified_gmt":"2025-12-05T00:16:45","slug":"nemohli-sme-si-dovolit-ziadne-chyby-to-co-zaplatili-generacie-pred-nami-je-vyzva-na-nasu-zodpovednost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/janfigel.com\/sk\/2024\/05\/12\/nemohli-sme-si-dovolit-ziadne-chyby-to-co-zaplatili-generacie-pred-nami-je-vyzva-na-nasu-zodpovednost\/","title":{"rendered":"Nemohli sme si dovoli\u0165 \u017eiadne chyby. To, \u010do zaplatili gener\u00e1cie pred nami, je v\u00fdzva na na\u0161u zodpovednos\u0165"},"content":{"rendered":"

J\u00e1n Fige\u013e bol prv\u00fd slovensk\u00fd eurokomis\u00e1r, vyjedn\u00e1val vstup SR do E\u00da a NATO, je dlhoro\u010dn\u00fdm politikom za KDH. Hovor\u00edme o minulosti, pr\u00edtomnosti a bud\u00facnosti eur\u00f3pskej a euroatlantickej spolupr\u00e1ce, o perspekt\u00edvach Slovenska v spolo\u010denstve slobodn\u00fdch n\u00e1rodov.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Foto: BORIS N\u00c9METH<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00e1n Fige\u013e, boli ste pr\u00edtomn\u00fd pri d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch okamihoch vytv\u00e1rania slovenskej zahrani\u010dnej politiky a jej integr\u00e1cii do euroatlantick\u00e9ho priestoru. Boli ste eurokomis\u00e1r, vyjedn\u00e1vali ste vstup SR do E\u00da, p\u00f4sobili ste aj pri na\u0161om vstupe do NATO. Odvtedy sa mnoho udialo, ale tie polo\u017een\u00e9 z\u00e1klady tu st\u00e1le s\u00fa. Mohli by sme teda za\u010da\u0165 \u2013 s odstupom rokov \u2013 malou rekapitul\u00e1ciou. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hlavn\u00fdm vyjedn\u00e1va\u010dom pre vstup SR do E\u00da som bol vymenovan\u00fd vl\u00e1dou v okt\u00f3bri 1998. Ke\u010f sa Slovensko stalo \u010dlenom Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie 1. m\u00e1ja 2004, stal som sa ako prv\u00fd Slov\u00e1k komis\u00e1rom E\u00da. V rokoch 2016 a\u017e 2019  som bol osobitn\u00fdm vyslancom E\u00da pre n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fa slobodu vo svete. Od roku 1999 som bol aj spolupredsedom vl\u00e1dneho v\u00fdboru PRENAME, teda \u201ePreparation for NATO Membership\u201c, spolu s kolegami z ministerstva obrany \u2013 Jozefom Pivar\u010dim, neskor\u0161ie s Rastislavom K\u00e1\u010derom. V novembri 2002 na samite v Prahe sme spolu s \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi 6 \u0161t\u00e1tmi z\u00edskali pozvanie do Aliancie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ale t\u00e1 na\u0161a cesta do NATO aj E\u00da nebola tak\u00e1 \u013eahk\u00e1, ako sa to dnes m\u00f4\u017ee niekomu zda\u0165 v sp\u00e4tnom poh\u013eade. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nebola \u013eahk\u00e1 ani priamo\u010diara. Slovensko sa na jednej strane hl\u00e1silo k spomenut\u00fdm dvom cie\u013eom za ka\u017edej vl\u00e1dy od vzniku republiky v 1993; prihl\u00e1\u0161ku do E\u00da odovzdal v j\u00fani 1995 Vladim\u00edr Me\u010diar do r\u00fak prezidenta Chiraca za vtedaj\u0161ieho franc\u00fazskeho predsedn\u00edctva v Cannes. Pekn\u00e9 mesto… <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tak\u00e9 filmov\u00e9. Ve\u010f aj on tam \u201ezafilmoval\u201c…<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(smiech) \u00c1no, bolo v tom \u010dosi teatr\u00e1lne. Slovensko ako jedin\u00fd z desiatich vtedy relevantn\u00fdch kandid\u00e1tov nesp\u013a\u0148alo politick\u00e9 krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 na \u010dlenstvo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00e1 sa op\u00edsa\u0165 konkr\u00e9tne, v \u010dom ich nesp\u013a\u0148alo, o ak\u00e9 parametre vtedy i\u0161lo? Ako sa to formulovalo? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po p\u00e1de komunizmu bolo evidentn\u00e9, \u017ee t\u00e9ma \u201eako \u010falej v Eur\u00f3pe\u201c dost\u00e1va nov\u00fd v\u00fdznam. V roku 1993 dvan\u00e1stka E\u00da v Kodani definovala tzv. kodansk\u00e9 krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 na \u010dlenstvo v \u00danii. Medzit\u00fdm v roku 1995 prist\u00fapili Rak\u00fasko, F\u00ednsko a \u0160v\u00e9dsko. Bolo v\u0161ak zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee na obzore je historicky zlomov\u00e9 a najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie roz\u0161\u00edrenie. Kodansk\u00e9 krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 kl\u00e1dli na prv\u00e9 miesto politick\u00e9 princ\u00edpy. \u010eal\u0161ie krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 sa t\u00fdkali ekonomickej konkurencieschopnosti, \u010do znamen\u00e1 v d\u00f4le\u017eitej miere obst\u00e1\u0165 tlaky konkurencie v prostred\u00ed \u00danie. K tomu patria aj z\u00e1le\u017eitosti, ako boli zhoda v\u00fdrobkov, verejn\u00e9 obstar\u00e1vanie, \u0161t\u00e1tna pomoc a pod. \u010ealej tu bolo prevzatie acquis communautaire, teda harmoniz\u00e1cia legislat\u00edvy. V Madride roku 1995 pribudlo krit\u00e9rium administrat\u00edvnych kapac\u00edt, ktor\u00e9 potrebuje \u0161t\u00e1t nato, aby mohol fungova\u0165 v r\u00e1mci v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho a komplexn\u00e9ho spolo\u010denstva. To v\u0161etko sa hodnotilo v roku 1997 v posudku Eur\u00f3pskej komisie, a tam bolo Slovensko pri plnen\u00ed politick\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed v m\u00ednuse. Na Slovensku sme boli po zavle\u010den\u00ed prezidentovho syna so spolu\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou \u0161t\u00e1tnych \u0161trukt\u00far, do\u0161lo k vra\u017ede R\u00f3berta Remi\u00e1\u0161a, hrubo sa poru\u0161ovala \u00fastava, premi\u00e9r Me\u010diar ozna\u010dil \u00dastavn\u00fd s\u00fad za \u201echor\u00fd prvok\u201c na sc\u00e9ne. Boli manipulovan\u00e9 verejnopr\u00e1vne m\u00e9di\u00e1 a hrubo zneu\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 moc, \u010do za\u010dalo zn\u00e1mou parlamentnou nocou. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Slovensk\u00e1 republika teda sl\u00e1vnostne zav\u0155\u0161ila proces vstupu 1. m\u00e1ja 2004. O\u017eivte mi, pros\u00edm, pam\u00e4\u0165: t\u00ed ostatn\u00ed na\u0161i susedia z V4 vst\u00fapili spolu s nami?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do E\u00da sme vst\u00fapili naraz, v jeden de\u0148. To bol optim\u00e1lny scen\u00e1r, preto\u017ee nebolo potrebn\u00e9 demontova\u0165 dobre funguj\u00facu coln\u00fa \u00faniu s \u010cR. Nebolo potrebn\u00e9 v n\u00e1slednej f\u00e1ze robi\u0165 Schengensk\u00fd re\u017eim okolo Slovenska, ale dialo sa to spolu so Slovenskom. Ak by SR nebola v tejto skupine roz\u0161irovania, spom\u00ednan\u00e9 z\u00e1le\u017eitosti by sa diali bez n\u00e1s, resp. proti n\u00e1m. Slovensko malo na za\u010diatku rokovan\u00ed oproti susedom \u010dasov\u00fd sklz dva roky a bolo n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 dostihn\u00fa\u0165 tento v\u00fdvoj. Nikto nechcel kv\u00f4li n\u00e1m \u010daka\u0165. Dokonca aj \u010desk\u00ed politici vysielali sign\u00e1ly o tom, \u017ee ak by malo Slovensko zdr\u017eiava\u0165 proces, potom bude na pr\u00ed\u0165a\u017e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Znamen\u00e1 to teda, \u017ee Dzurindova vl\u00e1da urobila kus pr\u00e1ce. Alebo m\u00f4\u017eeme poveda\u0165 aj to, \u017ee, na\u0161\u0165astie, tie \u0161kody, ku ktor\u00fdm v predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom obdob\u00ed do\u0161lo, neboli nezvratn\u00e9?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dalo sa to napravi\u0165, ale nemohli sme si dovoli\u0165 \u017eiadne chyby, nesmeli vyme\u0161ka\u0165 ani de\u0148 pr\u00e1ce. Ne\u0161lo len o preberanie legislat\u00edvy, ale aj o mnoh\u00e9 reformy, po\u010dn\u00fac samotnou \u00fastavou. Tie politick\u00e9 zmeny neboli len odpove\u010fou na o\u010dak\u00e1vania v Bruseli. Boli predov\u0161etk\u00fdm odpove\u010fou na na\u0161e dom\u00e1ce potreby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neboli za t\u00fdm aj nejak\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1ujmy? Povedzme z\u00e1ujmy Krem\u013ea?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Geopolitika je realitou. Pam\u00e4t\u00e1m si vetu, ktorou sa Boris Je\u013ecin obr\u00e1til na Vladim\u00edra Me\u010diara: \u201eMy o\u010de\u0148 chotim, \u0161to by vy pobedili v vyborach.\u201c \u017delan\u00edm Moskvy bolo, aby Me\u010diarova politika pokra\u010dovala. Spom\u00ednam si tie\u017e na ratifik\u00e1ciu Severoatlantickej zmluvy, pri ktorej som bol ako spolo\u010dn\u00fd spravodajca a predseda Zahrani\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdboru v apr\u00edli 2003. Komunistick\u00e1 strana Slovenska s 11 poslancami vtedy ako jedin\u00e1 v parlamente oponovala vstupu do NATO; po\u017eadovali o tom referendum. Vl\u00e1de Vladim\u00edra Me\u010diara sa tie\u017e \u017eiadalo organizova\u0165 vlastn\u00e9 referendum vo febru\u00e1ri 1997, no kv\u00f4li peti\u010dnej ot\u00e1zke o priamej vo\u013ebe prezidenta bolo vl\u00e1dou aj zmaren\u00e9. To tie\u017e potvrdilo, \u017ee zneu\u017e\u00edvanie moci na Slovensku v tom \u010dase bolo pravidlom, nie v\u00fdnimkou. A udialo sa to kr\u00e1tko pred samitom Aliancie v Madride v j\u00fali 1997. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A tam sme neboli prizvan\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nielen, \u017ee sme neboli prizvan\u00ed. Neboli sme ani spomenut\u00ed, \u010do u\u017e bolo v\u00e1\u017ene a kritick\u00e9. Pod \u010diarou bolo spomenut\u00fdch vlastne 5 kraj\u00edn \u2013 Rumunsko, Slovinsko a tri baltsk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty ako krajiny s perspekt\u00edvou \u010dlenstva. Slovensko nebolo ani len pod \u010diarou. Okrem toho sme dost\u00e1vali diplomatick\u00e9 demar\u0161e od E\u00da a USA. Boli to jasn\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly, \u017ee s takouto politikou ur\u010dite nem\u00e1me \u0161ancu, a k\u00fdm to nezmen\u00edme, nikto s nami rokova\u0165 nebude. To sa naozaj a naplno zmenilo v roku 1998. V\u010faka tomu bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165 v\u0161etky deficity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zd\u00e1 sa mi, \u017ee v tom \u010dase aj \u010das\u0165 HZDS \u010di prinajmen\u0161om niektor\u00ed jednotlivci za\u010dali meni\u0165 r\u00e9toriku aj viac proatlanticky.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dobre si spom\u00ednate. Aj Vladim\u00edr Me\u010diar sa po vo\u013eb\u00e1ch v roku 2002 vyjadroval tak, \u017ee on a HZDS s\u00fa garantom integr\u00e1cie, aj ke\u010f s\u00fa v opoz\u00edcii, \u017ee Slovensko tam mieri, patr\u00ed, a \u017ee v tom bude \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9. Pripomeniem len, \u017ee HZDS sa potom akt\u00edvne z\u00fa\u010dastnilo aj predreferendovej kampane za vstup do E\u00da, a fakticky u\u017e v \u010fal\u0161om obdob\u00ed nespochyb\u0148ovalo ani na\u0161e amb\u00edcie na \u010dlenstvo v NATO. V\u00fdvoj v Eur\u00f3pe a vo svete by jednak pokra\u010doval aj bez Slovenska. Ak v\u0161ak Slovensko nevol\u00ed cestu izol\u00e1cie, je zauj\u00edmav\u00fdm partnerom, a dokonca m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 d\u00e1van\u00e9 za pr\u00edklad. Toto sme za\u017e\u00edvali aj v r\u00e1mci vy\u0161ehradskej spolupr\u00e1ce. Bez Slovenska je vy\u0161ehradsk\u00fd regi\u00f3n nekompaktn\u00fd a oslaben\u00fd. Aj preto n\u00e1s traja susedia v\u00fdrazne podporovali pri vstupe do NATO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010ci\u017ee dne\u0161n\u00e9 radik\u00e1lne pochybnosti o zmysle Vy\u0161ehradu nie s\u00fa namieste?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Stredn\u00e1 Eur\u00f3pa je priestor men\u0161\u00edch \u0161t\u00e1tov, ktor\u00e9 v \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdch obdobiach boli bojiskom medzi V\u00fdchodom a Z\u00e1padom. Dnes reprezentuj\u00fa v\u00fdznamn\u00fd ekonomick\u00fd, kult\u00farny a politick\u00fd potenci\u00e1l. V na\u0161om susedstve na Ukrajine prebieha vojna, a preto som presved\u010den\u00fd, \u017ee by sme si mali pestova\u0165 sp\u00f4sobilos\u0165 h\u013eada\u0165 rie\u0161enia, ktor\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00fa aj in\u00fdm \u2013 \u010di u\u017e t\u00fdm mysl\u00edme Z\u00e1pad alebo V\u00fdchod. Je to v na\u0161om geopolitickom a vlastnom z\u00e1ujme. Vy\u0161ehrad bol dobr\u00fd n\u00e1stroj; nebol n\u00e1hradou, ale pr\u00edspevkom a prostriedkom pre cestu do E\u00da aj do NATO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Boli tu nejak\u00e9 spory o priority, nejak\u00e9 pnutia medzi projektom eur\u00f3pskej integr\u00e1cie a projektom Atlantickej aliancie?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

To je dos\u0165 n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1, samostatn\u00e1 t\u00e9ma. Na americkej strane nebolo v\u017edy dos\u0165 pochopenia pre s\u00favislosti eur\u00f3pskej integr\u00e1cie. Minister zahrani\u010dia Dean Acheson, za ktor\u00e9ho p\u00f4sobenia bol zverejnen\u00fd Schumanov pl\u00e1n, nap\u00edsal vo svojej biografii, \u017ee ten pl\u00e1n bol \u201ebreath-taking\u201c, teda dych vyr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00faci. Ameri\u010dania pripravovali anglo-americk\u00fa konferenciu, na ktorej mala by\u0165 rie\u0161en\u00e1 bud\u00facnos\u0165 kontinentu po piatich rokoch od 2. svetovej vojny. A jeden de\u0148 predt\u00fdm, 9. m\u00e1ja 1950 Robert Schuman ozn\u00e1mil pl\u00e1n, ktor\u00fdm oslovil predov\u0161etk\u00fdm Nemecko. Skr\u00e1tka, Schuman a n\u00e1sledne aj Adenauer v ten de\u0148 predbehli anglo-americk\u00fa konferenciu, ktor\u00e1 by bola rokovala v klasickom duchu vyva\u017eovania s\u00edl. Samozrejme u\u017e mala vo vienku Marshallov pl\u00e1n, \u010do bolo pr\u00ednosn\u00e9. Ale zodpovedn\u00e1 Eur\u00f3pa nem\u00f4\u017ee fungova\u0165 len ako spolo\u010dn\u00fd trh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dobre, ale Eur\u00f3pa v\u017edy bola kult\u00farne r\u00f4znorod\u00e9 prostredie, \u010do znamen\u00e1 aj politick\u00fa r\u00f4znorodos\u0165.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ide tu o jednotu v spolo\u010dn\u00fdch hodnot\u00e1ch. Keby eur\u00f3pske krajiny neboli demokratick\u00e9, keby tu neprevl\u00e1dali princ\u00edpy pr\u00e1vneho \u0161t\u00e1tu, nedostali by sme sa k vecn\u00fdm t\u00e9mam spolupr\u00e1ce. Ale t\u00fdm, \u017ee sme sa k nim prepracovali, m\u00f4\u017eeme hovori\u0165 o amb\u00edcii, aby aj medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy boli zalo\u017een\u00e9 viac na pravidl\u00e1ch ne\u017e na sile. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1, zjednocuj\u00faca sa Eur\u00f3pa reprezentuje \u2013 aj so v\u0161etk\u00fdmi svojimi re\u00e1lnymi probl\u00e9mami \u2013 predsa len ist\u00fa formu rovnov\u00e1hy medzi n\u00e1rodn\u00fdm \u0161t\u00e1tom s jeho z\u00e1ujmami a spolo\u010denstvom. Na tomto princ\u00edpe vzniklo Eur\u00f3pske spolo\u010denstvo uhlia a ocele. Cie\u013eom bolo vytvori\u0165 prostredie na regul\u00e1ciu previazan\u00edm dvoch oblast\u00ed produkcie p\u00f4vodne k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch pre vedenie vojny, a teda zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 opakovaniu vojny medzi predt\u00fdm znepriatelen\u00fdmi \u0161t\u00e1tmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Podarilo sa?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ten mot\u00edv sa naplnil. Vojna v z\u00e1padnej Eur\u00f3pe od r. 1945 nebola. Tak\u00fato realitu gener\u00e1cie predt\u00fdm nepoznali. V\u00fdvoj Eur\u00f3py m\u00e1 svetov\u00fd vplyv. Dnes m\u00e1me znova vojnu na eur\u00f3pskom kontinente. Ten vojnov\u00fd v\u00edr v\u0165ahuje takmer polovicu sveta do vz\u0165ahu k nej. Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, aby to neprer\u00e1stlo do svetov\u00e9ho konfliktu. Sme \u0161\u0165astnou gener\u00e1ciou, ktor\u00e1 sa nad\u00fdchla slobody. No z\u00e1rove\u0148  je pozvan\u00e1 rie\u0161i\u0165 tak\u00e9to t\u00e9my. Nielen konzumova\u0165 mier a euroz\u00f3nu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nevznik\u00e1 tu ale aj probl\u00e9m v d\u00f4sledku toho, \u017ee sme \u010dosi preme\u0161kali, \u017ee sme pr\u00edli\u0161 dlho len konzumovali, \u010derpali sme \u201emierov\u00e9 dividendy\u201c, a nielen my, ale aj a predov\u0161etk\u00fdm z\u00e1padn\u00e1 Eur\u00f3pa? Znova sa ukazuje, \u017ee ani s\u00e1m eur\u00f3psky subkontinent nie je tak\u00fd bezprobl\u00e9mov\u00fd, ako sa niektor\u00ed domnievali. Nekl\u00e1dli sme pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ek\u00fd d\u00f4raz na pr\u00edslove\u010dn\u00e9 \u201emaslo\u201c namiesto \u201ekan\u00f3nov\u201c?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sk\u00f4r by som povedal, \u017ee eur\u00f3pske integra\u010dn\u00e9 procesy po p\u00e1de Berl\u00ednskeho m\u00faru, po rozpade ZSSR, po rozpade Juhosl\u00e1vie boli  pomal\u00e9, a\u017e ve\u013emi pomal\u00e9. Ve\u010f len n\u00e1\u0161 proces od roku 1989 do vstupu do E\u00da aj NATO trval 15 rokov. Po tom, \u010do sme sa nad\u00fdchli slobody, ke\u010f sme za\u010dali budova\u0165 demokraciu, nechali sme V\u00fdchod v jeho postsovietskych probl\u00e9moch. Teraz sa n\u00e1m to vracia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201eVojna v z\u00e1padnej Eur\u00f3pe od r. 1945 nebola. Tak\u00fato realitu gener\u00e1cie predt\u00fdm nepoznali.\u201c <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

To, \u010do Schuman pon\u00fakol, to nebola il\u00fazia. I\u0161lo o prax solidarity medzi b\u00fdval\u00fdmi \u00fahlavn\u00fdmi nepriate\u013emi, aby nemohla vznikn\u00fa\u0165 nov\u00e1 vojna. A\u017e potom mo\u017eno hovori\u0165 o \u0161anci na prosperitu. Toto je princ\u00edp, ktor\u00fd by mal plati\u0165 aj na v\u00fdchod od n\u00e1s. \u017divot n\u00e1s u\u010d\u00ed, \u017ee nikdy nie je neskoro, iba ak by sme odmietli mo\u017enos\u0165 korekt\u00fary. K t\u00fdmto princ\u00edpom sa skr\u00e1tka potrebujeme vr\u00e1ti\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Predstavuje v\u0161ak Eur\u00f3pa dostato\u010dn\u00fa masu kapac\u00edt na zvl\u00e1dnutie podobn\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov bez transatlantick\u00fdch v\u00e4zieb? Nezvykli sme si tu \u017ei\u0165, ako keby niektor\u00e9 veci skr\u00e1tka neboli? Ako keby niektor\u00e9 nebezpe\u010denstv\u00e1 neexistovali? Akoby t\u00ed zl\u00ed chlapci tam vonku neexistovali?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c1no, do ve\u013ekej miery sme si vytvorili aj predstavu, \u017ee po p\u00e1de komunizmu, po z\u00e1niku Var\u0161avskej zmluvy at\u010f. bude nasledova\u0165 len mierov\u00e1 Eur\u00f3pa a…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

… koniec dej\u00edn…<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

To bola, samozrejme, nezodpovedn\u00e1 il\u00fazia. Bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 a stabilita s\u00fa z\u00e1kladom pre \u010fal\u0161ie veci. Aj u n\u00e1s na Slovensku. Tieto z\u00e1klady sa podce\u0148ovali aj na Z\u00e1pade. A podobn\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly od Ameri\u010danov n\u00e1s akoby st\u00e1le vracali k tejto t\u00e9me. Mo\u017eno najviac za prezidenta Trumpa. Ten doslova pohrozil Eur\u00f3panom, \u017ee nebude br\u00e1ni\u0165 eur\u00f3pske \u0161t\u00e1ty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mohol by to ale Trump urobi\u0165, keby si eur\u00f3pski partneri plnili svoje z\u00e1v\u00e4zky prispievania do spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho rozpo\u010dtu, a v\u00f4bec z\u00e1v\u00e4zky vo\u010di spolo\u010dnej bezpe\u010dnosti?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uzn\u00e1vam, \u017ee nie je mor\u00e1lne ani politicky udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9, ak sa niekto dlhodobo len vezie ako \u010dierny pasa\u017eier. Dnes je aj pre vojnu na Ukrajine situ\u00e1cia zmenen\u00e1, mnoh\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty celkom zmenili svoje pr\u00edstupy, robia radik\u00e1lne kroky. To, \u017ee do Aliancie vst\u00fapili neutr\u00e1li ako \u0160v\u00e9dsko a F\u00ednsko, je, samozrejme, v\u00fdsledok Putinovej inv\u00e1zie, no hovor\u00ed to aj o tom, \u017ee my sme dnes tak\u00ed po\u010detn\u00ed a tak\u00ed kompaktn\u00ed, ako Aliancia dlh\u00e9 desa\u0165ro\u010dia nebola.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kompaktn\u00ed? Ve\u010f je tu probl\u00e9m s americk\u00fdmi izolacionistick\u00fdmi n\u00e1ladami, a nielen to.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c1no, v\u017edy je tu probl\u00e9m aj s izolacionistami aj s nedostatkom politickej v\u00f4le v jednotliv\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch vtedy, ke\u010f treba kona\u0165. NATO v\u0161ak nar\u00e1stlo z 12 na 32 \u0161t\u00e1tov. Aj to je d\u00f4kaz jeho atrakt\u00edvnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No nezd\u00e1 sa v\u00e1m, \u017ee sa ten probl\u00e9m v poslednej dek\u00e1de a pol vracia a zosil\u0148uje?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doch\u00e1dza v\u0161ak aj k zmen\u00e1m. Ke\u010f Emanuel Macron za\u010d\u00ednal ako franc\u00fazsky prezident, vyjadril sa v zmysle, \u017ee NATO je v k\u00f3me. To bol ve\u013emi siln\u00fd v\u00fdrok. A potom roky intenz\u00edvne, dokonca po za\u010dat\u00ed inv\u00e1zie vo febru\u00e1ri 2022 komunikoval s Putinom v snahe negociova\u0165 zastavenie bojov. Teraz v\u0161ak hovor\u00ed o vyslan\u00ed vojakov na Ukrajinu. Re\u010d je st\u00e1le o tom istom prezidentovi tej istej krajiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010co to vlastne Macron povedal v skuto\u010dnosti? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nebol som pri t\u00fdch rokovaniach. Ale viacer\u00e9 krajiny vr\u00e1tane Po\u013eska a \u010cR sa vyjadrili v podobnom duchu, toti\u017e, \u017ee treba zva\u017eova\u0165 aj person\u00e1lnu pomoc Ukrajine, ktor\u00e1 je v \u0165a\u017ekej situ\u00e1cii. Ide predov\u0161etk\u00fdm o z\u00e1le\u017eitosti logistiky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To asi treba zd\u00f4razni\u0165, lebo niektor\u00ed tu nar\u00e1baj\u00fa propagandisticky s predstavou, \u017ee tam budeme posiela\u0165 mlad\u00fdch chlapcov ako potravu pre kan\u00f3ny. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nie, tu ide predov\u0161etk\u00fdm o logistick\u00fa v\u00fdpomoc, \u0161kolenia, tr\u00e9ning ukrajinsk\u00fdch s\u00edl, \u017eenijn\u00e9 a odm\u00ednovacie pr\u00e1ce. Modern\u00e9 zbrane sa nedaj\u00fa obsluhova\u0165 bez pr\u00edpravy, bez in\u0161trukt\u00e1\u017ee. Postoje sa menia na z\u00e1klade aktu\u00e1lneho diania, aj na z\u00e1klade ob\u00e1v z bud\u00facnosti, ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 e\u0161te hor\u0161ia. Eur\u00f3psky v\u00fdvoj za posledn\u00fdch 70 rokov akoby i\u0161iel z kr\u00edzy do kr\u00edzy, ale, a to je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9: po vzostupnej \u0161pir\u00e1le. Najprv to bolo len o tom, aby nebola vojna. Potom i\u0161lo o ekonomick\u00fa spolupr\u00e1cu, coln\u00fa \u00faniu, spolo\u010dn\u00fd trh, euroz\u00f3nu; dnes je toto v\u0161etko realita, ale na za\u010diatku bol len skromn\u00fd pl\u00e1n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

To ale Eur\u00f3pa vst\u00e1vala z trosiek. T\u00fato situ\u00e1ciu si mlad\u0161ie ro\u010dn\u00edky nemaj\u00fa \u0161ancu pam\u00e4ta\u0165.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je to tak. Na to v\u0161etko treba pam\u00e4ta\u0165. No boli tu aj in\u00e9 sk\u00fa\u0161ky. Pam\u00e4t\u00e1m si to e\u0161te ako mlad\u00edk: ako v 70. rokoch na \u010diernobielych obrazovk\u00e1ch komunistick\u00e1 telev\u00edzia opakovala, \u017ee na Z\u00e1pade je kr\u00edza, \u017ee \u013eudia jazdia bicyklami, lebo zdra\u017eela ropa, \u017ee po\u013enohospod\u00e1ri protestuj\u00fa, vyhadzuj\u00fa potraviny, a ako ten Z\u00e1pad nefunguje. Ten Z\u00e1pad sa v\u0161ak nad\u00fdchol; pl\u00e1n Jacquesa Delorsa na rie\u0161enie eur\u00f3pskej \u201eskler\u00f3zy\u201c bol eur\u00f3psky jednotn\u00fd trh. Mnoh\u00ed vtedy predpovedali koniec integr\u00e1cie. Ale E\u00da sa roz\u0161\u00edrila o \u010fal\u0161\u00edch \u010dlenov. Euroz\u00f3na nesk\u00f4r pre\u0161la ve\u013emi \u0165a\u017ekou sk\u00fa\u0161kou pri gr\u00e9ckej kr\u00edze, a konzekvencie sme za\u017eili aj v SR. Padla vl\u00e1da, ktor\u00e1 rozhodovala o stabilite a bud\u00facnosti eura. Bol som jej \u010dlenom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nev\u010fa\u010d\u00ed Eur\u00f3pa za nie\u010do pozit\u00edvne pr\u00e1ve tomu, \u017ee bola vn\u00fatorne r\u00f4znorod\u00e1? Nezrodil sa pr\u00e1ve z tohto duch slobody, ktor\u00fd sa nakoniec v\u017edy presadil \u2013 napriek in\u00fdm, morb\u00eddnej\u0161\u00edm tendenci\u00e1m? V takom pr\u00edpade asi treba akceptova\u0165 aj ist\u00fa mieru politick\u00fdch pnut\u00ed vo vn\u00fatri syst\u00e9mu E\u00da.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Politick\u00e9 pnutie m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 tvoriv\u00e9. Podobne ako plus a m\u00ednus na baterke je zdrojom energie. Ke\u010f sa to nap\u00e4tie strat\u00ed, stagnujeme, v\u00fdvoj ust\u00e1va, pohyb sa zastav\u00ed… Ako pr\u00edklad v\u00fdhody rozmanitosti uvediem: z\u00e1v\u00e4zn\u00e1 eur\u00f3pska legislat\u00edva nem\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 platn\u00e1, k\u00fdm nie je publikovan\u00e1 aj v sloven\u010dine. Ak sa ob\u010dan obr\u00e1ti na eur\u00f3pske in\u0161tit\u00facie v slovenskom jazyku, mus\u00ed by\u0165 v tomto jazyku aj sp\u00e4tne vyrozumen\u00fd. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

To znamen\u00e1 ale aj tlak na tvorbu ist\u00fdch byrokratick\u00fdch \u0161trukt\u00far. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c1no, ale v slu\u017ebe \u010dloveka, v slu\u017ebe ob\u010dana. Proces integr\u00e1cie je otvoren\u00fd, d\u00e1 sa do E\u00da nielen vst\u00fapi\u0165, ale aj vyst\u00fapi\u0165. Amb\u00edcia \u201est\u00e1le u\u017e\u0161ej \u00danie\u201c a\u017e na \u00farove\u0148 feder\u00e1cie alebo \u201esuper\u0161t\u00e1tu\u201c je iracion\u00e1lna. Potrebn\u00e1 je ist\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1ha, ktor\u00e1 v\u017edy obsahuje pnutia, z\u00e1ujmy, ot\u00e1zky. Napr\u00edklad v dobe Napoleona tu boli pokusy o zjednotenie Eur\u00f3py silou. Z toho sa Eur\u00f3pa dlho lie\u010dila. A nemus\u00edm zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 pripom\u00edna\u0165  skazonosn\u00e9 hitlerovsk\u00e9 \u010di sovietske pokusy. S\u00fa tu teda aj falo\u0161n\u00e9 alternat\u00edvy: na V\u00fdchode to e\u0161te za\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak zoberieme do \u00favahy brexit: \u010dasto sa hovor\u00ed o tom, ako Briti zvl\u00e1daj\u00fa alebo nezvl\u00e1daj\u00fa jeho d\u00f4sledky. Ale nezmenil brexit aj vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 prostredie E\u00da?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na n\u00e1s to m\u00e1 tie\u017e ist\u00e9 dopady, prinajmen\u0161om ten mocensk\u00fd trojuholn\u00edk medzi Franc\u00fazskom, Nemeckom a Spojen\u00fdm kr\u00e1\u013eovstvom sa rozpadol. Ten trojuholn\u00edk vyva\u017eoval ist\u00e9 tendencie \u2013 napr. vo vz\u0165ahu k bruselskej centraliz\u00e1cii. Briti boli pri vstupe Slovenska otvoren\u00ed pre slobodn\u00fd pohyb pracovnej sily \u2013 na rozdiel od Nemcov a Rak\u00fa\u0161anov, ktor\u00ed sa ho ob\u00e1vali, a pritom profitovali z pohybu pracovnej sily ove\u013ea viac. Briti pom\u00e1hali, aby \u00dania bola otvorenou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Budeme teda musie\u0165 rie\u0161i\u0165 nejak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom vz\u0165ah b\u0155zd a rovnov\u00e1h v r\u00e1mci \u00danie nanovo? A mo\u017eno sa zbyto\u010dne p\u00fdtam, \u010di si to na\u0161e politick\u00e9 elity na Slovensku dostato\u010dne uvedomuj\u00fa?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Politika spolo\u010dnej obrany a bezpe\u010dnosti by sa ove\u013ea d\u00f4veryhodnej\u0161ie realizovala s Britmi. Mnoh\u00ed dnes v Brit\u00e1nii hovoria, \u017ee to rozhodnutie treba prehodnoti\u0165. Nechcem predbieha\u0165, ani to lacno komentova\u0165. Brit\u00e1nia pristupovala k eur\u00f3pskej integr\u00e1cii s odstupom. Pam\u00e4t\u00e1m si na telegram, ktor\u00fd britsk\u00fd ve\u013evyslanec posielal do Lond\u00fdna z rokovan\u00ed o vzniku EHS. P\u00edsal, \u017ee ak sa na tom \u0161iesti premi\u00e9ri aj dohodn\u00fa, tak to nepodp\u00ed\u0161u, ak to podp\u00ed\u0161u, tak to neratifikuj\u00fa, a ak to ratifikuj\u00fa, tak to nebude fungova\u0165. Bola v tom ned\u00f4vera, v pozad\u00ed boli negat\u00edvne sk\u00fasenosti s mierov\u00fdmi iniciat\u00edvami. Ale zakladaj\u00faca \u201e\u0161estka\u201c za\u010dala spolupracova\u0165 a potom sa britsk\u00ed konzervat\u00edvci rozhodli prida\u0165. N\u00e1sledne labouristi zorganizovali referendum proti tomu, ale vstup do \u00danie z\u00edskal v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inov\u00fa podporu. Nesk\u00f4r \u2013 a to u\u017e s\u00fa tie zmeny postojov \u2013 konzervat\u00edvci v s\u00fa\u0165a\u017ei s populistami s\u013e\u00fabili Britom referendum. A hoci premi\u00e9r Cameron bol za zotrvanie, dopadlo to opa\u010dne. Politika je sama osebe zlo\u017eit\u00e1, pln\u00e1 protichodn\u00fdch tendenci\u00ed. Aj preto potrebuje rozumn\u00fdch a rozhodn\u00fdch l\u00eddrov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ktor\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017eu identifikova\u0165 spolo\u010dn\u00e9 princ\u00edpy.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ke\u010f hr\u00e1me s populistami ich hru, v\u00fdsledok bude e\u0161te viac populizmu. Preteky v populizme. A to dopadne zle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1te ist\u00fa sk\u00fasenos\u0165 z Bl\u00edzkeho v\u00fdchodu. Malo to nejak\u00fd vplyv na va\u0161e nazeranie na eur\u00f3pske z\u00e1le\u017eitosti?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bol som na \u00fazem\u00ed Iraku v \u010dase boja o Mosul. Zaznamen\u00e1val som priame svedectv\u00e1 od \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed tam zostali; nastal tam toti\u017e obrovsk\u00fd exodus, n\u00e1sledkom ktor\u00e9ho bola aj eur\u00f3pska migra\u010dn\u00e1 kr\u00edza v roku 2015, a t\u00e1 otriasla celou \u00daniou. Brexit, koniec-koncov, pri\u0161iel kr\u00e1tko po tom. Ak nedb\u00e1me o probl\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 sa dej\u00fa v susedstve, budeme n\u00e1sledne plati\u0165 ove\u013ea vy\u0161\u0161iu cenu. Preto by E\u00da mala by\u0165 spolutvorcom mieru a jeho udr\u017eate\u013enosti. Od Eur\u00f3py sa to aj o\u010dak\u00e1va. Model na\u0161ej spolupr\u00e1ce je ve\u013emi atrakt\u00edvny. V kontraste s t\u00fdm som za\u017eil p\u00e1lenie americk\u00fdch vlajok v Sud\u00e1ne, v Pakistane…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iste\u017ee p\u00e1lenie americk\u00fdch vlajok, ke\u010f\u017ee E\u00da pre nich nepredstavuje probl\u00e9m! Ale to, \u017ee sme ne\u0161kodn\u00ed, e\u0161te neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee sme efekt\u00edvni.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nen\u00e1vis\u0165 a antiamerikanizmus sa \u0165a\u017eko prekon\u00e1vaj\u00fa. Ale vo\u010di E\u00da som tak\u00e9to prejavy neza\u017eil. \u00dania je atrakt\u00edvna. V medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch vz\u0165ahoch existuje nielen \u201ehard power\u201c, tvrd\u00e1 sila, ale aj \u201esoft power\u201c, m\u00e4kk\u00e1 sila. Sila, ktor\u00e1 v\u00e1s ovplyv\u0148uje svojou pr\u00ed\u0165a\u017elivos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A t\u00fdm, \u017ee ju chr\u00e1ni americk\u00e1 \u201etvrd\u00e1 sila\u201c, americk\u00fd nukle\u00e1rny d\u00e1\u017ednik, preto si m\u00f4\u017ee dovoli\u0165 by\u0165 \u201em\u00e4kkou\u201c.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ale st\u00e1le je to sila ist\u00e9ho druhu. D\u00fafali sme, \u017ee v 21. storo\u010d\u00ed vo svete prevl\u00e1dne sk\u00f4r pr\u00e1vo a pravidl\u00e1 ne\u017e tvrd\u00e1 sila. Eur\u00f3pa je toho protagonistom. \u00c1no, n\u00e1m t\u00e1 sila sk\u00f4r absentuje, ale pr\u00e1vo sved\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ale aj pr\u00e1vo mus\u00ed by\u0165 vymo\u017eite\u013en\u00e9. Inak nie je pr\u00e1vom.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iste, ma\u0165 za sebou t\u00fa silu bolo v\u017edy d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9. Eur\u00f3pa nem\u00f4\u017ee zosta\u0165 obrom na hlinen\u00fdch noh\u00e1ch. Ekonomicky a obchodne je to dnes obor, vzh\u013eadom na svetov\u00e9 pomery, ale je ve\u013emi zranite\u013en\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ke\u010f sa pozrieme na celkov\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu, aj doma, aj tam vonku: c\u00edtite sa optimistom?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u00f4j otec by bol r\u00e1d, keby mohol rie\u0161i\u0165 na\u0161e dne\u0161n\u00e9 \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky, ma\u0165 na\u0161e dne\u0161n\u00e9 probl\u00e9my.  Nedo\u017eil sa slobody, podobne ako jeho brat, po ktorom m\u00e1m meno. \u0160tB ho zlikvidovala a dodnes nepozn\u00e1me ani miesto jeho posledn\u00e9ho odpo\u010dinku. M\u00f4\u017eem tu parafr\u00e1zova\u0165 Jeana Monneta, ke\u010f sa ho p\u00fdtali mlad\u00ed v 50. rokoch v s\u00favislosti s bud\u00facnos\u0165ou Eur\u00f3py, \u010di je optimista alebo pesimista. Odpovedal, \u017ee ani jedno, ani druh\u00e9, ale \u017ee zost\u00e1va odhodlan\u00fdm. Bud\u00facnos\u0165 je v na\u0161ich ruk\u00e1ch. Lebo slobodu sme nedostali preto, aby sme vyjadrovali pocity, ale aby sme vytv\u00e1rali prostredie, ktor\u00e9 je faktickou odpove\u010fou na aktu\u00e1lne potreby, a, samozrejme, aby bolo lep\u0161\u00edm dedi\u010dstvom pre t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa po n\u00e1s. To, \u010do zaplatili \u013eudia pred nami, je v\u00fdzva aj pre osobn\u00fa, aj pre n\u00e1rodn\u00fa pam\u00e4\u0165, v\u00fdzva na v\u010fa\u010dnos\u0165. Kde je v\u010fa\u010dnos\u0165, tam je aj  \u00facta a tam je aj zodpovednos\u0165. Toto akt\u00edvne a tvoriv\u00e9 \u00fasilie a dlhodob\u00e9 odhodlanie je moja odpove\u010f na ot\u00e1zku o bud\u00facnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

J\u00e1n Fige\u013e <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Narodil sa v roku 1960. Vy\u0161tudoval in\u017einierstvo v odbore v\u00fdkonovej elektroniky na TU v Ko\u0161iciach. V rokoch 1998 \u2013 2002 \u0161t\u00e1tny tajomn\u00edk MZ SR, 1998 \u2013 2003 hlavn\u00fd vyjedn\u00e1va\u010d v pr\u00edstupov\u00fdch rokovaniach o vstupe SR do E\u00da. 1999 \u2013 2002 spolupredseda vl\u00e1dneho Pr\u00edpravn\u00e9ho v\u00fdboru pre \u010dlenstvo v NATO. 2004 \u2013 2009 prv\u00fd slovensk\u00fd komis\u00e1r E\u00da; 2003 \u2013 2004 \u010dlen Predsedn\u00edctva frakcie EPP-ED v Eur\u00f3pskom parlamente. 2016 a\u017e 2019 osobitn\u00fd vyslanec pre podporu slobody n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva mimo E\u00da. \u010clen KDH od roku 1990, predseda KDH v rokoch 2009 \u2013 2016. \u017denat\u00fd, 4 deti. \u017d\u0133e v Bratislave. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/www.tyzden.sk\/rozhovory\/109882\/jan-figel-nemohli-sme-si-dovolit-ziadne-chyby-to-co-zaplatili-generacie-pred-nami-je-vyzva-na-nasu-zodpovednost\/?ref=kat<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

J\u00e1n Fige\u013e bol prv\u00fd slovensk\u00fd eurokomis\u00e1r, vyjedn\u00e1val vstup SR do E\u00da a NATO, je dlhoro\u010dn\u00fdm politikom za KDH. Hovor\u00edme o minulosti, pr\u00edtomnosti a bud\u00facnosti eur\u00f3pskej a euroatlantickej spolupr\u00e1ce, o perspekt\u00edvach Slovenska v spolo\u010denstve slobodn\u00fdch n\u00e1rodov. Foto: BORIS N\u00c9METH P\u00e1n Fige\u013e, boli ste pr\u00edtomn\u00fd pri d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch okamihoch vytv\u00e1rania slovenskej zahrani\u010dnej politiky a jej integr\u00e1cii do euroatlantick\u00e9ho […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":15074,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[340],"tags":[554,3,477,551,519,552],"class_list":["post-15073","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sk","tag-eurokomisar","tag-jan-figel","tag-kdh","tag-minulost","tag-nato","tag-pritomnost"],"yoast_head":"\nNemohli sme si dovoli\u0165 \u017eiadne chyby. 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