{"id":15142,"date":"2024-04-08T10:24:00","date_gmt":"2024-04-08T08:24:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/janfigel.com\/?p=15142"},"modified":"2025-12-05T01:15:51","modified_gmt":"2025-12-05T00:15:51","slug":"severoatlanticka-zmluva-sa-osvedcila-a-je-atraktivna","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/janfigel.com\/sk\/2024\/04\/08\/severoatlanticka-zmluva-sa-osvedcila-a-je-atraktivna\/","title":{"rendered":"Severoatlantick\u00e1 zmluva sa osved\u010dila a je atrakt\u00edvna"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Foto: NATO\/Flickr.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n

NATO je st\u00e1le funk\u010dnou alianciou. Aj tento rast po\u010dtu \u010dlenov potvrdzuje, \u017ee NATO nie je pr\u00edveskom \u010di n\u00e1strojom americk\u00e9ho rozhodovania. Je postaven\u00e9 na b\u00e1ze konsenzu, \u010do neumo\u017e\u0148uje ani najsilnej\u0161iemu \u0161t\u00e1tu diktova\u0165 svoju v\u00f4\u013eu v\u0161etk\u00fdm ostatn\u00fdm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0160tandard uverejnil ned\u00e1vno dve reflexie k 20. v\u00fdro\u010diu vstupu SR do NATO. K\u00fdm prv\u00fd text<\/u><\/a> je v\u00fdrazne skeptick\u00fd, odkaz druh\u00e9ho je realistick\u00fd<\/u><\/a>. R\u00e1d by som obraz Jaroslava Dani\u0161ku v\u0161ak korigoval a doplnil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po prv\u00e9, autor p\u00ed\u0161e, \u017ee \u201evstup do NATO bol predvstupn\u00fdm krokom na\u0161ej integr\u00e1cie do Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie\u201c. V skuto\u010dnosti tu i\u0161lo o dva s\u00favisiace ciele<\/u><\/a>, ale nie vz\u00e1jomne podmienen\u00e9 \u2013 ani in\u0161titucion\u00e1lne, ani politicky, ani pr\u00e1vne, ba ani \u010dasovo. Prekr\u00fdvali sa z\u00e1le\u017eitosti a krit\u00e9ri\u00e1 politickej stability, pr\u00e1vneho \u0161t\u00e1tu a demokracie \u010di ekonomickej konkurencieschopnosti a transparentnosti. Po\u010detn\u00e9 krajiny prekr\u00fdvaj\u00face sa \u010dlenstvom v NATO a v E\u00da mali, samozrejme, podobn\u00e9 postoje k na\u0161ej d\u00f4veryhodnosti i podpore. Aj preto sa d\u00e1 poveda\u0165, \u017ee odmietnutie Slovenska na samitoch NATO a E\u00da v roku 1997 bolo prekonan\u00e9 pozit\u00edvnymi rozhodnutiami samitov v Prahe a v Kodani na konci roku 2002. Zhruba p\u00e4\u0165 rokov bolo na\u0161e integra\u010dn\u00e9 zaost\u00e1vanie za Vy\u0161ehradskou skupinou. NATO za t\u00fdch p\u00e4\u0165 rokov zvl\u00e1dlo pozvanie a za\u010dlenenie na\u0161ich troch susedov, prekonalo nechu\u0165 na \u010fal\u0161ie roz\u0161irovanie a rozhodlo sa kolekt\u00edvne reagova\u0165 na teroristick\u00fd \u00fatok proti USA (2001).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eur\u00f3pska \u00fania pozvala Slovensko na rokovania o \u010dlenstve v decembri 1999, k\u00fdm Aliancia a\u017e v novembri 2002. Rokovania o E\u00da trvali Slovensku takmer tri roky. V\u00fdsledkom bola Pr\u00edstupov\u00e1 zmluva s vy\u0161e p\u00e4\u0165tis\u00edc stranami textu. Vzh\u013eadom na prenos niektor\u00fdch pr\u00e1vomoc\u00ed na org\u00e1ny E\u00da bola pre ratifik\u00e1ciu nevyhnutn\u00e1 \u00fastavn\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina poslancov NR SR a referendum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010clenstvo v NATO po dvoch kol\u00e1ch konzult\u00e1ci\u00ed vyjadril jednoduch\u00fd Pr\u00edstupov\u00fd protokol a bezprobl\u00e9mov\u00fd ratifika\u010dn\u00fd proces, ktor\u00fd bol zav\u0155\u0161en\u00fd 29. marca 2004, teda kr\u00e1tko pred fixne stanoven\u00fdm term\u00ednom historick\u00e9ho, najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho roz\u0161\u00edrenia E\u00da (1. m\u00e1j 2004).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po druh\u00e9, NATO je n\u00e1strojom americkej zahrani\u010dnej politiky v Eur\u00f3pe, ale ur\u010dite nie z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm. Je to aj preto, lebo americk\u00e1 dvojstrann\u00e1 politika vykon\u00e1van\u00e1 \u010dasto mimo NATO, je v Eur\u00f3pe ove\u013ea vplyvnej\u0161ia. Je tomu tak napr\u00edklad vo vz\u0165ahu k Ukrajine, Po\u013esku \u010di Spojen\u00e9mu kr\u00e1\u013eovstvu. NATO zost\u00e1va d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm n\u00e1strojom a kotvou americkej vojenskej pr\u00edtomnosti v Eur\u00f3pe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Napriek strojn\u00e1sobeniu eur\u00f3pskeho \u010dlenstva je NATO st\u00e1le funk\u010dnou alianciou. Aj tento rast po\u010dtu \u010dlenov potvrdzuje, \u017ee NATO nie je pr\u00edveskom \u010di n\u00e1strojom americk\u00e9ho rozhodovania. Je postaven\u00e9 na b\u00e1ze konsenzu, \u010do neumo\u017e\u0148uje ani najsilnej\u0161iemu \u0161t\u00e1tu diktova\u0165 svoju v\u00f4\u013eu v\u0161etk\u00fdm ostatn\u00fdm. Nie je pravda, \u017ee \u010dlenstvo v NATO n\u00e1s automaticky zatiahne do vojen. Na to sl\u00fa\u017ei zmluva, ktor\u00e1 suverenitu spojencom neodober\u00e1. 20 \u0161t\u00e1tov sa postupne pripojilo k p\u00f4vodn\u00fdm zakladate\u013eom iste nie preto, aby sa nechali za\u0165ahova\u0165 do vojen, intervenci\u00ed \u010di nezodpovedn\u00fdch mocensk\u00fdch dobrodru\u017estiev. Predpokladom zrel\u00e9ho slovensk\u00e9ho postoja je v\u0161ak politicky zodpovedn\u00e1 vl\u00e1da na\u0161ej krajiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Okrem samotnej zmluvy by som r\u00e1d uviedol zn\u00e1my pr\u00edpad intervencie v Iraku v roku 2003, ktor\u00e1 bola s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou \u201evojny proti teroru\u201c vyhl\u00e1senej prezidentom G. Bushom mlad\u0161\u00edm. Aj kv\u00f4li nes\u00fahlasu Nemecka a Franc\u00fazska sa intervencia nestala akciou NATO. Vznikla vtedy \u201ekoal\u00edcia ochotn\u00fdch\u201c, ktor\u00e1 reprezentovala vy\u0161e 60 kraj\u00edn. Bolo medzi nimi aj Slovensko.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Premi\u00e9r a v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina vl\u00e1dy si osvojili poz\u00edciu tandemu Bush \u2013 Blair v obvi\u0148ovan\u00ed irack\u00e9ho dikt\u00e1tora z vlastn\u00edctva zbran\u00ed hromadn\u00e9ho ni\u010denia. Bolo to klamstvo. Minister Eduard Kukan argumentoval aj na\u0161\u00edm vstupom do NATO. Ako predseda Zahrani\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdboru NR SR som to odmietol aj na mimoriadnom rokovan\u00ed Bezpe\u010dnostnej rady, aj pri parlamentnom rokovan\u00ed v marci 2003 v mene Gestorsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdboru. Za v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu poslancov KDH oponuj\u00facu vojenskej \u00fa\u010dasti Slovenska na intervencii v Iraku si koal\u00edcia na\u0161la n\u00e1hradu v hlasoch HZDS. Slovinsko ako n\u00e1\u0161 s\u00faputn\u00edk pri vstupe do NATO tak\u00fato \u00fa\u010das\u0165 odmietlo. A do Aliancie o rok nesk\u00f4r, presnej\u0161ie v marci 2004, vst\u00fapilo bez probl\u00e9mov. Podmie\u0148ova\u0165 integr\u00e1ciu Slovenska do NATO \u00fa\u010das\u0165ou na intervencii v Iraku nebolo poctiv\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O suverenite treba menej vykrikova\u0165 v m\u00e9di\u00e1ch a na m\u00edtingoch, ale rozumne a principi\u00e1lne ju aplikova\u0165 tam a vtedy, ke\u010f ide o na\u0161e medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 postavenie a n\u00e1rodno-\u0161t\u00e1tny z\u00e1ujem, ke\u010f ide o pravdu, spravodlivos\u0165 a pr\u00e1vo. Z nich toti\u017e pramen\u00ed medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165, stabilita a udr\u017eate\u013en\u00fd, skuto\u010dn\u00fd mier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. apr\u00edla 1949 podp\u00edsalo 12 \u0161t\u00e1tov Severoatlantick\u00fa zmluvu. M\u00e1 preambulu a 14 \u010dl\u00e1nkov. Za 75 rokov ju nebolo treba korigova\u0165, modernizova\u0165 \u010di akoko\u013evek dop\u013a\u0148a\u0165. Po\u010det \u010dlenov sa zv\u00fd\u0161il na 32, ke\u010f sa po spusten\u00ed ruskej agresie vo\u010di Ukrajine pridali aj tradi\u010dne neutr\u00e1lne F\u00ednsko a \u0160v\u00e9dsko. Vojna na v\u00fdchode Eur\u00f3py viedla k v\u00fdznamn\u00e9mu posilneniu Aliancie. Pri tejto pr\u00edle\u017eitosti je dobr\u00e9 pripomen\u00fa\u0165 si ducha a literu tejto zmluvy, ktorej sme ako \u0161t\u00e1t s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou u\u017e 20 rokov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SEVEROATLANTICK\u00c1 ZMLUVA, Washington DC, 4. apr\u00edla 1949<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preambula:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zmluvn\u00e9 strany tejto Zmluvy op\u00e4tovne potvrdzuj\u00fa svoju vieru v ciele a z\u00e1sady Charty Spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rodov a svoju t\u00fa\u017ebu \u017ei\u0165 v mieri so v\u0161etk\u00fdmi n\u00e1rodmi a v\u0161etk\u00fdmi vl\u00e1dami. S\u00fa odhodlan\u00e9 h\u00e1ji\u0165 slobodu, spolo\u010dn\u00e9 dedi\u010dstvo a kult\u00faru svojich n\u00e1rodov zalo\u017een\u00fa na z\u00e1sad\u00e1ch demokracie, slobody jednotlivca a pr\u00e1vneho poriadku. Sna\u017eia sa podporova\u0165 stabilitu a blahobyt n\u00e1rodov v severoatlantickej oblasti. S\u00fa rozhodnut\u00e9 spoji\u0165 svoje \u00fasilie o kolekt\u00edvnu obranu a o zachovanie mieru a bezpe\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010cl\u00e1nok 5 \u2013 najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00ed, k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok Zmluvy:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zmluvn\u00e9 strany sa dohodli, \u017ee ozbrojen\u00fd \u00fatok proti jednej alebo viacer\u00fdm z nich v Eur\u00f3pe alebo Severnej Amerike bude pova\u017eovan\u00fd za \u00fatok proti v\u0161etk\u00fdm, a preto ods\u00fahlasili, \u017ee ak nastane tak\u00fd ozbrojen\u00fd \u00fatok, ka\u017ed\u00e1 z nich uplatn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na individu\u00e1lnu alebo kolekt\u00edvnu obranu, uznan\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nkom 51 Charty Spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rodov, pom\u00f4\u017ee zmluvnej strane alebo stran\u00e1m takto napadnut\u00fdm t\u00fdm, \u017ee bezodkladne podnikne sama a v s\u00falade s ostatn\u00fdmi stranami tak\u00fa akciu, ak\u00fa bude pova\u017eova\u0165 za potrebn\u00fa, v\u010d\u00edtane pou\u017eitia ozbrojenej sily, s cie\u013eom obnovi\u0165 a udr\u017ea\u0165 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 severoatlantickej oblasti. \u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pre dobro vlastn\u00e9 i spolo\u010dn\u00e9 treba zmluvn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo pozna\u0165 a re\u0161pektova\u0165. A kona\u0165 v jeho duchu a pod\u013ea platnej litery zmluvy. Pri takomto konan\u00ed je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm v\u00fdchodiskom rozli\u0161ovanie pravdy a faktov od klamstiev, propagandy a polopr\u00e1vd, preto\u017ee toho je pln\u00fd medi\u00e1lny a spravodajsk\u00fd priestor. Obhajoba opr\u00e1vnen\u00fdch n\u00e1rodno-\u0161t\u00e1tnych z\u00e1ujmov v r\u00e1mci bezpe\u010dnosti, obrany a kr\u00edzov\u00e9ho riadenia n\u00e1s v pr\u00edpade \u00fatoku alebo hrozby napadnutia chr\u00e1ni kolekt\u00edvnym alian\u010dn\u00fdm d\u00e1\u017ednikom. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 n\u00e1s tak\u00fdto \u00fatok vo\u010di ktor\u00e9muko\u013evek spojencovi recipro\u010dne zav\u00e4zuje \u201ebezodkladne podnikn\u00fa\u0165 tak\u00fa akciu, ak\u00fa budeme <\/strong>pova\u017eova\u0165 za potrebn\u00fa, v\u010d\u00edtane pou\u017eitia ozbrojenej sily.\u201c <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u010faka tomuto princ\u00edpu vz\u00e1jomnej solidarity sa Severoatlantick\u00e1 zmluva historicky osved\u010dila a zost\u00e1va na\u010falej atrakt\u00edvna. Pr\u00e1ve pre tento siln\u00fd pr\u00edbeh a potenci\u00e1l vplyvu by malo NATO ako organiz\u00e1cia a jej l\u00eddri prejavi\u0165 \u0161t\u00e1tnick\u00fa prezieravos\u0165 a historick\u00fa m\u00fadros\u0165, ako ich v takom veku prejavovali napr\u00edklad americk\u00fd prezident Ronald Reagan alebo nemeck\u00fd kancel\u00e1r Konrad Adenauer. Ide predsa o politicko-vojensk\u00fa organiz\u00e1ciu, nie naopak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hydepark je priestor otvoren\u00fd na diskusiu, do rubriky prispievaj\u00fa politici \u010di vysok\u00ed \u00faradn\u00edci a verejne \u010dinn\u00e9 osoby, publikovan\u00e9 n\u00e1zory sa nemusia kry\u0165 s redak\u010dnou l\u00edniou \u0160tandardu.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/standard.sk\/618792\/severoatlanticka-zmluva-sa-osvedcila-a-je-atraktivna<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Foto: NATO\/Flickr.com NATO je st\u00e1le funk\u010dnou alianciou. Aj tento rast po\u010dtu \u010dlenov potvrdzuje, \u017ee NATO nie je pr\u00edveskom \u010di n\u00e1strojom americk\u00e9ho rozhodovania. Je postaven\u00e9 na b\u00e1ze konsenzu, \u010do neumo\u017e\u0148uje ani najsilnej\u0161iemu \u0161t\u00e1tu diktova\u0165 svoju v\u00f4\u013eu v\u0161etk\u00fdm ostatn\u00fdm. \u0160tandard uverejnil ned\u00e1vno dve reflexie k 20. v\u00fdro\u010diu vstupu SR do NATO. K\u00fdm prv\u00fd text je v\u00fdrazne skeptick\u00fd, odkaz druh\u00e9ho […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":15143,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[340],"tags":[574,3,519,573],"class_list":["post-15142","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sk","tag-aliancia","tag-jan-figel","tag-nato","tag-zmluva"],"yoast_head":"\nSeveroatlantick\u00e1 zmluva sa osved\u010dila a je atrakt\u00edvna - J\u00e1n Fige\u013e<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/janfigel.com\/sk\/2024\/04\/08\/severoatlanticka-zmluva-sa-osvedcila-a-je-atraktivna\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Severoatlantick\u00e1 zmluva sa osved\u010dila a je atrakt\u00edvna - J\u00e1n Fige\u013e\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Foto: NATO\/Flickr.com NATO je st\u00e1le funk\u010dnou alianciou. 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